Henri Matisse and art collage

A collage by Matisse, the black spots, they are the bugs and it did not completely stick the pieces which fall apart a little to accentuate the effect of movement. Extraordinary! The third great painter who it first used joining, it is George Braque and also Max Ernst, the Dada movement and Prévert. Matisse, will also employ the techniques of joining in its works. Indeed, it is? assistance of paper which it will build the bodies of the series of naked blue (1952).

Joining woman and monkeys (1952) are representative of this series of joinings. Matisse formerly prepared its tables with cut out papers but it will work out an autonomous technique only between 1943 and 1950. It takes large white blocks, painted with the gouache, cuts out there various forms which it then sticks on a white zone. Matisse gives following precise details about these joinings “cut out paper enables me to draw in the color, for me it acts of a simplication. Instead of tracing contours and to put at it couleurn one transforming the other, I draw directly in the color. This significance guarantees precise dissolves of the two means which are nothing any more but one. I do not advise absolutely this form of expression to be exerted. It is a result not a starting point. It supposes an infinite subtlety and a long experiment”. L artist named this method “to draw with scissors”. The compositions carried out thus are at the same time full with life, charming and solemn. At the beginning the talbeau Woman and Singe that Matisse conceived for its hotel room Regina in Nice were much smaller and showed only the sitted women and the grenades.

These monographs of a new kind propose to the young readers a significant and concrete approach of art. Each work approaches the life and the work of a painter - how it worked, of what it was inspired… - in a clear and ludic way, while always going to essence. With Art and the manner, we enter truly a work and we let us discover all the richness of it. Henri Matisse carried out an important part of his work by using the technique of cut out papers. By means of simple scissors, it manages to preserve same fluidity as with a brush. This simple technique seemingly - almost a play of child - makes it possible Matisse to capture the movement and to control the rate/rhythm. While playing with the lines and the colors, it gives rise to forms spontaneous, air, dancing… With cut out papers, the colors release, are expressed, and formed a universe full with freshness of movement and life… A universe which this work invites to discover. To cut directly in the color like a sculptor in the stone, only a 80 years Matisse which controlled at the same time the sculpture and painting could dare it. The process is very new. It been useful forever. It surprises everyone. The chromatic improvisations born from the scissors of Matisse and its gouachés papers reach from the start the goal which it always set: to make a success of the perfect synthesis of the line and the color.

Free gallery Art collage Assembly

artists of the art of the assembly you can make exhibition of your work, free of charge in a specialized virtual gallery.

See link : http://www.art-pjm.com/galerie-art-gratuite/index.php

Register you and will be given to you a login and a password and you can manage your gallery.

Diectory of the collage and Assembly

Directory are specialized in the broadcasting of the art of the collage and the assembly

Web site Artpjm http://www.art-pjm.com/liens-collagistes-art-numerique/menu-annuaires.php

The searchis made with title of the site and key words.

See Américain site Collageart : http://www.collageart.org/

Palate of Tokyo Paris 2008

The photomontage and collage in this exhibition.

White chart was given to L international artist Ugo Rondinone for this exposure to the Palate of Tokyo of September 27, 2007 to January 3, 2008. The title of this presentation The Third Mind seems to have taken as a starting point a quotation of Napoleon Hill “Two spirits cannot meet, without generating, so a third force, invisible and intangible, which could resemble a third spirit. ”
This approach of the exposure will surely interest of the amateurs of joinings by the fitting general of the exposure which is with the statement of certain commentators of art a joining and by also by its contents which make it possible to see important artists which practises the photomontage, assembly, joining.
Lee Bontecou born in Providence the USA in 1931 uses traditional material it makes compositions a priori geometrical abstract

Joe Brainard in its first collage it evokes work To marble George and Andy Warhol then it S directs towards a lyricism baroque and a poetry kitsch and popular imagination notices the split of New York during these exposures. It subscribes its work of artist in 1994.

Sarah Lucas born in 1962 presents a whole of photographs which paper the walls of a part in which is installed finds a car destroyed not its care. She represents the sordid one and the fact various.
Of very beautiful joining on aluminium of Cady Morland of serigraphies and joinings in harmony with the leather masks of Nancy Grossman and of the elements of. Ronald Bladen,
In general the comments and critical of this exposure wonders about the influences, of its inclinations and its obsessions of originator of the exposure which according to them is built like an ambulation in a brain in perpetual activity and plunges to the source of the references and of discovered of the artist.
....
Palais de Tokyo, 13 avenue du Président Wilson, 75016 Paris

Symposium Art assembly part 3

Back on the art of assembling 3rd party Saturday, March 29, 2008

Gilbert Lascault Emeritus Professor of Philosophy of Art University of Paris I

Forging link tinkering.
Gilbert Lascault publishes books aesthetics (The monster in Western Art, 1973; Figurées, disfigured / Small vocabulary of femininity represented, 1977; Writings on the visible timid, 1979; Faire and undo, 1985, etc.). monographs (Malaval, Ernst Bacon, Boltanski, Boteero, Grau-Garriga, Louis Pons, etc.). books of fiction (Little tetralogy of fallacious, Gens regular Sore-les-Sept-Gardens, Hell buffoons, and so on. .). In particular he published comments fictional in collaboration with artists.
As part of the symposium on the assembly he talked about the work of Christian Jaccard. The work of the latter located in the concerns similar to those of the support surface which he has not done. Nevertheless, exhibitions devoted to Supports / Surfaces sometimes associated Christian Jaccard. Starting from 1971, Christian Jaccard uses "tools" string, twine, knots. These tools replace the brush to produce traces on the canvas.

Heana Parvu, teacher assistant histroire of Art University of Geneva.
Construction and assembly: the sculpture in question.
She questions the concept of assembly by presenting works that are not. Unlike assemblages surreal juxtapositions that are one can imagine assemblies which have no juxtaposition. The objects interact with other objects. For example, an object that is placed relief by the artist Rosco on the facade of the Museum of Modern Art who maintain a relationship with his environment.

Carole Boulbès, professor of history and theory of art

Up and disassemble, Wim Delvoye and art cathedrals.
Wim Delvoye making all kinds of reflections by the juxtaposition of the universe and counter-employment It is part of a generation of artists that have marked Flemish contemporary art tattooing Known for his pigs and his firm Cloaca. His work on the art cathedrals is also one of its provocations. On windows, which usually spiritual scenes he introduced such provocations in sexual characteristics. The stained glass windows are assemblies that have multiple images simultaneously. He opposes the pure and impure. It is in line with the philosophy of George Battle between spirituality and materialism low.


Sylvie Coëllier Professseure plastic art and science of art, University of Provence "assembly" at samplage "creolization in the visual works by Bruno Peinado and sculpture recently.
She questions the work of Bruno Peinado which has been engaged in an extensive recycling company signs from our contemporary world by questioning our relationship with them. In this logic of the fragment, the artist discusses these images in restoring their complexity. The installation is an incentive for decryption and study the relationships between objects.

Miguel Egana artist, a professor of fine arts, University of Picardie Jules verne Assemblagisme, modernism, stucturalisme, postmodernism.

It queries thought assemblagiste Thought assemblagiste and syntax combinatorial born in the early century by adding elements in the table object outside the world of art (Picasso). This adventure continues with the Dadaists. The influence structuralism thought of this assemblage art. Indeed, the term "structure" is, since their appearance, the subject of multiple interpretations and uses very diverse. The structuralism as presented Lévis-Strass influence the thinking of assemblage art.

International Symposium Paris

Assembler is in the first place unite together, joining several elements among them a definitive or otherwise - to mount / unmount - procedure requiring gestures and techniques that depend intrinsically link-binding, this material which gives substance to assembly. These nails, bolts, adhesives, masonry, scotches and other tape-they have a subordinate function? We can not second explore the field of the assembly without crossing the craft. How anthropology, through the writings of Claude Lévi-Strauss and Andrew Leroi-Gourhan, she influenced the perception of this concept? Du status ragpicker artist-as Charles Baudelaire described, the artist would have happened to "handyman and scholar? We must also question the function is the collection of items found (natural and / or artificial), but also scrap artifacts. What type of assembly? Thinking in terms of the act of uniform construction and hybridization, the distinction between these two relationships is still legitimate? Shares for reuse, recycling, ownership, mixing and by extension diversion directly linked to the practice of the assembly can not have the same coverage today that in the fifties.
Finally, the workshop - the handyman provided that the artist - is it not, during the sixties, spent on site or at another level, that of the architectural dimension? What relation to space, in place - that is lacking because qu'envahie? As for the aesthetics of ruin often engendered, she provided for assembling an act of anti-construction, or do we need to see another form of construction? In rhizome?



The symposium aims to explore and develop new thoughts on the art of assembly and more broadly to emphasize, even invaluable filiations, the points of convergence or divergence between the assembly, the environment and installation


Friday, March 28, 2008
• 14H00 - Room Giorgio Vasari, INHA, 1st floor
SPEECH BY THE Antoinette NORMAND-ROMAIN, Director General of the National Institute of Art History
Home Dany SANDRON, Director of the UMR 8150 (André Chastel Centre).
Chair: Françoise levaillant, director of research in art history at the CNRS • 14.15-Stephanie JAMET CHAVIGNY, Dr. Art History, University of Paris - Sorbonne-Paris-IV, a lecturer in art history, corresponding member of the ERCO (Centre Chastel, UMR 8150): "A Different Perspective on the critical reception of the exhibition The Art of Assemblage. "
• 14:40 Cécile DEBRAY, Conservative Heritage, special assistant to the director general of the National Museums Reunion: "New Realism: A new naturalism? ".
• 15H05 Muriel BADET, Dr. art history, EHESS, associate researcher at the Centre Pierre Francastel, Paris X-Nanterre: "The Paintings of tambouille-traps in practice artistic and culinary Daniel Spoerri.
• 15.30 Gillian WHITELEY, Dr. Art History, University of Leeds, a lecturer at Loughborough University School of Art and Design in London: "Scavenging from margins to mainstream? Artist as a handyman in the twenty-first century ".
• Debate 15.55
Break
• 16H25 Bertrand CLAVEZ, PhD in art history, who teaches art history, University Light-Lyon-II, general secretary of the Research Centre Pierre Francastel, University of Paris X-Nanterre: "Small arrangements George Brecht with the art of assemblage. "
• 16.50 Sophie DELPEUX, teacher conferences in the history of art, University of Paris-1-Panthéon-Sorbonne: "Blend, Environments & Happenings of Allan Kaprow."
• 17.15 CLAUSTRES Annie, Teacher conferences in the history of art, University Light-Lyon-II, corresponding member of the ERCO (Centre Chastel, UMR 8150): "The sculpture of Eduardo Paolozzi: an assembly of surface."

Symposium art assemblage

Presentation of Return symposium on the art of assemblage of 28 and 29 March 2008

Text Stéphanie Jamet-Chavigny

At the initiative of Françoise Levaillant , director of research in art history at the CNRS, co-head of the ERCO within the Centre André Chastel (UMR 8150), and directed by Stephanie Jamet - Chavigny, a corresponding member of the ERCO, the symposium Back on the art of assembly was held on 28 and 29 March 2008 Vasari room to INHA. It was to question the concept of assembly from exposure founder The Art of Assemblage, organized by William C. SEITZ the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1961 who proposed the first genealogy. The project was to study the role held by the assembly in the expanded field of art, to identify principles and also to question posterity at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Filiation collage-assembly does it not to be reconsidered in view of a number of critical writings and events which have since renewed the approach? Thinking in terms of the act of construction or homogeneous hybridization, the distinction between these two affiliations is still legitimate? The shares of reuse, recycling, ownership, mixing and by extension diversion directly linked to the practice of the assembly are not the same today as in the sixties. The plurality of contributions solicited researchers, from universities, art schools and museums, allowed to cross approaches used both to the history of art, literature, sociology and anthropology.

Antoinette Romain Le Normand, executive director of the INHA, introducing the two-day search, has put all thoughts under the aegis of Augustus RODIN, echoing the dialectic "fragmentation / assembly" which was analysed in the exhibition The body pieces at the Museum d'Orsay in 1990 and which she had just contributed.
The first session of the symposium was chaired by Françoise Levaillant who recalled having achieved with a team of students in May 1976, the exhibition "Assemblage (s)" MNAM (Palais de Tokyo), from Head Raoul HAUSSMANN, and in connection with a course on another form of dialectics, "carved subject / object," "objects" DADA the compositions of objects Erik DIETMAN through boxes of electrified BRYEN . The introduction of Stephanie Jamet-Chavigny, "Another look at the critical reception of the exhibition The Art of Assemblage", analysed the choice of the term assembly for title of the exhibition New York through the study of archives of MoMA and the Getty Foundation. S. Jamet-Chavigny raised the question of its influence and its impact. Two tracks appeared reading, to understand and consider a different method outlined by Seitz: on the one hand, the one proposed by Allan KAPROW in Blend, Environments and Happenings started in 1960 and published in 1966 and, secondly, that of Leo Steinberg in his essay "The Return of Rodin wrote in 1962 (but published in 1972). As a result a questioning of the modernist conception of Clement Greenberg and an opening on an understanding of the word assembly beyond the question of the object, in a non-artistic, social, even political. Thus, the mythical figure of Western handyman what Robinson Crusoe, has guided reflection initiator of this symposium precisely because it was itself subject to a deep-reading during the twentieth century and in particular in the 1960 l 'Oeuvre Michel TOURNIER Friday or Limbo Pacific. The first day was therefore turned to issues of the art of assembling the heart of the 1960 highlighting the key assumptions raised by the efforts of artists close to the New Realists, Fluxus or the Happening.

Collage, assembly to the Tate Britain

A strange thing in the big French museums it has no department dedicated to artists' works there having worked on the collage(sticking). Rightly can be because the collage(sticking) assembly does not establish(constitute) an artistic movement, or be the object at the moment of a manifesto estimated by institutions or art history.

Picasso and Braque created the first Cubist collages in 1912. They incorporated printed material, such as newspaper or wallpaper, into their paintings and drawings, bringing new life to the play of illusion that was an important element of Cubism. These printed fragments were real objects that stood as images of themselves. In the same year, Picasso also started making three-dimensional assemblages of diverse ‘found’ materials, playing on a similar ambiguity between object and image.

The invention of collage, where art might be made out of everyday throwaway materials, has informed the course of much art of the last century. This display of British art of the last fifty years examines the continued relevance of this discovery for artistic practice. Constructed from rupture and discontinuity, collage offered artists and viewers a new way of seeing the world, bringing together disparate and sometimes contradictory elements to which often surprising meanings can immediately be given.

Often playful, this new way of understanding the world can also have a critical or polemical purpose. This is particularly true of the technique of photo-montage: collages constructed from photographs. This display traces the development of one aspect of the interchange between fine art and mass culture that still lies at the heart of contemporary art.



This display has been devised by curator Andrew Wilson Ben Nicholson OM 1894-1982, Victor Pasmore 1908-1998, Kurt Schwitters 1887-1948, George Fullard 1923-1973, Margaret Mellis born 1914, Francis Davison 1919-1984, John McHale 1922-1978, Tracey Emin born 1963, Sarah Lucas born 1962, Tracey Emin born 1963, Gwyther Irwin born 1931, Jim Lambie born 1964, John Stezaker born 1949, Peter Kennard born 1949, Peter Kennard born 1949, Damien Hirst born 1965.

Twitter

Technique collage : Vocabulary and technique of collage

It appears here only of the basic words which are useful in industry of the joining which can interest on a purely documentary basis the artists collagists.

- Adhesive of reaction : it is an adhesive with several components which must be mixed before the application. The preparation must be implemented during a certain lapse of time (lifespan out of pot). It also can that it is about an adhesive with only one component which reacts under the action of moisture, of heat

. - Thermofusible Adhesives : in fact adhesives are fluxed by heat before the application. Final hardness is reached by cooling and/or chemical reaction. - Adhesion: They are the intermolecular forces to the interface between material to be stuck and the adhesive preparation. - Self-adhesive Joining: this type of joining requires self-adhesive adhesives which remain sticking for a long time. In general, the adhesive preparation is coated only on one element, and the parts are stuck after drying, often under a light pressure.

- Joining a face or joining in wet phase : the adhesive preparation is applied only to one or the other of the two elements to be stuck and the elements are assembled during the period indicated

. - Cold Joining: during cold joining, the elements to be bound are assembled during opened time, at ambient temperature

. - Joining with heat : in this case there, the elements to be bound are assembled at a temperature of activation and under a pressure given. - self-adhesive: it is a process of joining for which the adhesive preparation is applied to two surfaces to stick. After complete evaporation of solvents, the two elements are assembled in pressure. The initial catch is very high

. - Adhesive containing solvents : it is an adhesive which contains the solids in dissolved preparation

. - Adhesive of dispersion : they are adhesives which contain solids, finely dispersed

. - Maximum Concentration with the site of work : by maximum concentration with the site of work, one includes/understands the highest concentrations at the place where one works of solvent vapors in the air

. - Lifespan out of pot : the lifespan out of pot is an indication concerning the adhesives with two or several components. It describes the period during which a preparation can be implemented.

- Dry Extract : the dry extract is indicated in % and represents the share of solids (they are the nonvolatile matters) of an adhesive. - Inflammability: inflammability is an indication concerning the regulations of safety and indicates the flash point or the point flash.

- Limit of explosiveness : the range in which the ignition of a vapor mixture of solvent-air can explode calls limit of explosiveness or beach of inflammability.

- Not flash : indication of the temperature to which are disengaged from the vapors in sufficient quantity to cause the formation of a detonating air-steamer mixture

. - Report/ratio of mixture : this indication defines the parts in weights which must be mixed for adhesives with several components.

- Source of ignition : in a company, there is a great potential of sources of ignition. One can quote the naked flames, the blowpipe flames, the tobacco in ignition,… There are also hot surfaces, electricals appliance

. - Open Time : this time indicates the maximum lapse of time which can pass between the gluing and the assembly of elements during joining contact.

- Viscosity : viscosity represents the rheological behavior of a matter.

Technical collage 4 : conclusion

The important progress made in the field of the adhesives (generic term of the adhesives, cements and coating) allows the assembly of the near total of materials. The technical and economic consequences make that they are used more and more in sectors as various as mechanics, the textile, wood, transport, the building.

It is in the assembly that the evolution is most spectacular because sometimes, if joining replaces the means traditionally employed, it has the advantage of widening in an important way the framework of the applications. So it is often preferred for one or more of the following reasons:

Uniform distribution of the efforts on the whole of film of adhesive

Price with the m ² often less low Invisible means of assembly (decoration)

Sealing and protection counter corrosion carried out at the same time as the Suppression assembly of the resumption of parts (fettling, sandpapering, cementing.)

Very different material assembly

But all these qualities should not make forget that joining is technique of a modern and rather complex assembly to implement. It is necessary to have good knowledge in the theory of the adhesive to be able to apply this method under satisfactory conditions.

Collage should not be a palliative or a spare wheel. It is necessary to think of joining as of the design of the product. The conditions of success are all the more large as one controls the theory of the adhesives and that one has good notions of the adhesives available on the market.

Si votre soif de connaissances sur le collage n'est pas étanchée après tout ça, le Laboratoire de Matériaux vous propose les deux ouvrages suivants écrits au laboratoire:

Le collage structural moderne (Théorie et pratique) de Patrice Couvrat Éditions: TEC & DOC LAVOISIER (1992)
Le collage moderne de Patrice Couvrat Collection: Technologie de pointe Éditions: HERMES (1990)

Origin of the techniques of collage and the adhesives

The use of adhesives was known as of 4500 front JC.

These adhesives were composed of raw materials animal and vegetable, as the adhesive of bone (animal grease) and casein, as well as tar, pitch, waxes, etc It is only at the end of the 19iéme century (in approximately 1876) that one produces the first resin and rubber solutions with benzene which are used for a relatively reliable joining of wood, paper, paperboard, fabrics and leather.

At the beginning of the 20th century, appear the first adhesives containing nitrocellulose which allow an assembly of construction, partly without use of average mechanics. Because of decisive progress in the field of macromolecular chemistry, the bases of the modern techniques of joining were installation. It is into 1949 that the adhesives on the basis of Neoprene are introduced.

The means of joining evolve/move and gain more and more importance in the current methods of industrial production. The advantages of joining are numerous. One can think for example of

Homogeneous distribution of the forces on all stuck surface. - Not - Deterioration of materials contrary to riveting, nailing. - Saving in weight (application on materials low thickness - effect of against plating: low-weight material but of high solidity) . - Widening of the possibilities of combinations of materials.

Technical collage 2 : Adhesion know minimum

The adhesion of a liquid on a solid utilizes two independent concepts :

- The solid liquid interaction which characterizes adhesion.

- The damping which characterizes the spreading out of the liquid on the solid.

Some considerations on absorptivity

It represents the aptitude which greatest possible surface has a liquid to occupy when one lays out it on a solid surface. We will quantify it by the introduction of the concept of energy of surface of a liquid or a solid.

Énergie superficielle d'un liquide

Surface energy of a liquid

As called surface tension, it characterizes the aptitude as for the surface of a liquid to take the smallest possible value in a given medium. It also characterizes the cohesion of a liquid since it is necessary to overcome the forces of internal cohesion of this one to increase this surface.

Mechanically, it is expressed like a force being opposed to an increase in surface and brought back to the unit of length. The unit used is N/m

Tension superficielle forte ( mauvais pour le collage).

Tension superficielle faible ( bon pour le collage).

It represents the quantity of work which it was necessary to spend to create the aforementioned surface, the temperature and the pressure being constant. It is expressed in J/m ².

Concepts of absorptivity

Let us pose a drop of liquid on a solid surface.

The balance of the forces gives the equation of Young :

g lv cos q + g sl = g sv

Where G S, G sl, G L represent the energy of surface of the solid, interfacial energy liquidates solid and the surface tension of the liquid.

Critical surface energy

The spreading out of the liquid is perfect only if the contact angle A is null. This value corresponds to a breaking value of the surface energy of the solid which makes it possible to predict that if :

g l < a="0,">

g l > g c alors A is positive, damping is bad.

Which are the connections which intervene ?

One thus qualifies the whole of the forces which are established between the adhesive and the surface of the solid. Several explanations exist, without one being able to generalize one or the other of those.

- Mechanical Theory. Adhesion was regarded a long time as being a simple mechanical problem, the solidity of the joint resulting from the penetration of the adhesive in the asperities of solid surface. Explain part of adhesion.

- Electric Theory. Adhesion would be due to the establishment of an electric layer to the interfaces, the forces being of electrostatic nature. Very discussed.

- Chemical Theory. It interprets the connection by the formation of covalent bonds between two involved bodies. Has place only in certain cases.

- Theory of the diffusion. There is inter-diffusion between two involved surfaces. It supposes the mutual solubility of materials. Joining of PVC for example.

- Thermodynamic Theory. It indicates the establishment of weak connections (forces of Van Der Waals) between surfaces. These forces are exerted on short distances and exist in all the cases of figure. Explain a good part of adhesion.

The forces of Van Der Waals result from the dissymmetry of burden-sharing positive and negative involving the formation of dipoles as well in polymer as in the substrate and linking themselves head-digs. These various assumptions show that the phenomena of adhesion are not yet well elucidated. It seems however that the establishment of weak but very many connections is one of the principal reasons of adhesion in much of case.

Importance of roughness

An increase in roughness has two direct incidences:

- A better mechanical anchoring.

- A rise in the real surface of contact (10 to 100 times apparent surface). One could then expect that the resistance of the joint increases in similar proportions.

However it is not the case. Two essential reasons explain these observations.

Le mouillage n'est pas réalisé dans les creux. Il y a concentration de contraintes au sommet des aspérités.	Sans creux, le mouillage est mieux réalisé. Le sablage à créé des angles très ouverts, l'adhésion sera donc meilleure.

TO RETAIN ABSOLUTELY

- Absorptivity must be the best possible one so that the maximum of connections are established between the adhesive and the substrate. The equation of Young indicates to us that a surface treatment is practically essential so that the energy of surface of the substrate is maximum. These treatments must have like principal goal to clean the solid surface of all the elements likely to establish a barrier with the establishment of the connections.

- The surface tension of the adhesives used must be lower than the energy of surface of the solids considered. This is why it is extremely difficult to stick plastics at the rough state.

- A good absorptivity is not a sufficient condition, still is necessary it that it is formed connections many and solid, which supposes that the geometry of surface is well known and that the chemistry of the adhesive and solid surface are adapted perfectly.

JOINTS

There, if I am a a little mechanic, I see well that it is necessary to avoid cleavage and peeling….But shearing ?

If I believe Volkersen of it, attention should be paid, because the constraints are not very homogeneous.

The reader will be able to refer to the two books indicated to have more information in this field, because it is true that that starts to become complicated ...... .

I retain nevertheless that the constraints must be distributed on the whole of the joint for better resisting the efforts applied